Respiration

1) Person A and Person B decided to run for 5 minutes on a treadmill. They recorded their heart rate before exercise, and then at every minute during exercise. Calculate the mean heart rate for Person A, and Person B, during exercise. 2 Marks

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2) The cardiac output of an individual is defined as the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart through the circulatory system in one minute. It is calculated using the following equation. The mean stroke volume for Person A was 105cm3, whilst the mean stroke volume for Person B was 75cm3. Using your answers from part i), calculate the cardiac output for Person A, and Person B. 2 Marks

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3) An increased cardiac output provides more oxygen and glucose to the working muscles. Explain how this helps Person A during exercise. 4 Marks

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4) As Person B has a lower cardiac output, their performance is more likely to be affected by lactic acid production. Explain why lactic acid is produced during exercise. 2 Marks

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5) Explain how lactic acid is removed from the muscles to prevent fatigue. 3 Marks

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6) Give the definition of metabolism 1 Marks

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7) Outline some of the metabolic processes which take place in the human body. 5 Marks

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